PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE POISONING IN ANIMALS

Organophosphate insecticides are one of the most commonly used insecticides in crop production in Pakistan. Some of the common organophosphates and examples of their brands used as crop pesticides in Pakistan include dimethoate (SystoateTM Aventis, Germany), monocrotophos (NuvacronTM, Switzerland), acephate (OrtheneTM, Valent, USA), malathion (FyfanonTM, Jaffer Group, Pakistan), profenofos (CuracronTM, Syngenta Pakistan Ltd.), triazophos (DiplomatTM, Four Brothers Group, Pakistan), chlorpyrifos (LorsbanTM, Dow Agro Sciences, Pakistan). In veterinary practice, they are commonly used either as anthelmintics (e.g. dichlorvos, trichlorfon (NeguvanTM, Bayer, Germany; SantrifonTM, Sanna Labs., Faisalabad; TagafonTM, Star Labs., Lahore), haloxon, crufomate, coumaphos and naphthalophos) or as ectoparasiticides (e.g. trichlorfon, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyriphos, coumaphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, fenthion, malathion, phosmet, ronnel, famphur and tetrachlorvinphos). Carbamates are also commonly used insecticides. Only two carbamatesviz. carbaryl and propoxur are used as ectoparasiticides in animal practice. No carbamate preparation is available for veterinary use in Pakistan.